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Czech composer Antonín Dvořák (1841–1904) composed his Symphony No. 6 in D major, Op. 60, B. 112, in 1880. It is dedicated to Hans Richter, who was the conductor of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. With a performance time of approximately 40 minutes, the four-movement piece was one of the first of Dvořák’s large symphonic works to draw international attention. In it, he manages to capture some of the Czech national style within a standard Germanic classical-romantic form. == Background == Dvořák’s Symphony No. 6 was composed for the Vienna Philharmonic. In order to understand the context in which he composed this symphony, the climate and reception of Dvořák’s earlier works in Vienna should be taken into consideration. In late 1879, Hans Richter conducted the Vienna Philharmonic in a subscription concert that included the ''Third Slavonic Rhapsody''. According to Dvořák, in a letter dated 23 November 1879,
Music historians have made various conclusions regarding what this letter implies about Dvořák’s reception in Vienna. Dvořák scholar John Clapham interprets this letter to say that the audience at the concert responded with a warm ovation, and that Richter was pleased with the work.〔John Clapham, ''Antonín Dvořák: Musician and Craftsman'' (London: Faber & Faber, 1966), 71.〕 Yet, according to David Brodbeck, this account probably only describes the dress rehearsal (the Philharmonic’s dress rehearsals were open to a limited audience), arguing that there is no other way to explain the presence of Brahms and Dvořák on stage during a performance.〔David Brodbeck, “Dvořák’s Reception in Liberal Vienna: Language Ordinances, National Property, and the Rhetoric of ''Deutschtum'',” ''Journal of the American Musicological Society'' 60, no. 1 (spring 2007): 79.〕 Eduard Hanslick, a music critic in Vienna at this time, reported: “The ''Rhapsody'' was respectfully but not warmly received. I had expected it to make a livelier effect after the impression of the dress rehearsal.”〔Eduard Hanslick, in ''Neue Freie Presse'', 23 November 1879, translated in David Brodbeck, “Dvořák’s Reception in Liberal Vienna,” 79.〕 Even though audience reception at the actual concert may have been less than enthusiastic, Richter saw promise in Dvořák’s work and asked him to write a symphony for the orchestra. He finished the symphony the following year, in October 1880, and traveled to Vienna to play the composition on the piano for Richter, who was very excited about the work.〔Clapham, ''Antonín Dvořák'', 71.〕 Dvořák expected to have the Vienna Philharmonic premiere his symphony in December 1880. However, Richter postponed the performance repeatedly, citing family sickness and an over-worked orchestra. Dvořák, suspicious of anti-Czech feelings in Vienna, eventually grew frustrated. He learned later that members of the orchestra objected to performing works by the relatively new Czech composer in two consecutive seasons.〔John Clapham, ''Dvořák'', (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1979), 50–53.〕 Instead, Adolf Čech conducted the premiere of Dvořák's sixth symphony with the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra on March 25, 1881, in Prague.〔Robert Layton, ''Dvořák Symphonies and Concertos'', (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1978), 30–31.〕 The Scherzo was encored. Richter did eventually conduct the piece in London in 1882. Though he never conducted it in Vienna, he still retained an interest in Dvořák's compositions. The Vienna Philharmonic did not perform this symphony until 1942.〔A. Peter Brown, ''The Second Golden Age of the Viennese Symphony: Brahms, Bruckner, Dvořák, Mahler, and Selected Contemporaries'', (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003), 373.〕 Dvořák’s Symphony No. 6 was originally issued as his Symphony No. 1 by Simrock, Dvořák’s German music publisher, as it was his first published work in this genre. Further confusion in numbering Dvořák’s symphonies came from several sources. Dvořák believed that his first symphony was lost, and numbered the remaining symphonies Nos.1 to 8 by date of composition. Simrock continued to order the symphonies by publication date, ignoring the first four symphonies. Therefore, according to Dvořák, this work was his fifth symphony, according to the publisher it was his first, but chronologically (and after the first symphony was recovered) it is now known as his Symphony No. 6. The order of symphonies was first codified by Dvořák scholar Otakar Šourek.〔Clapham, ''Antonín Dvořák'', 57.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Symphony No. 6 (Dvořák)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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